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The C Programming Language, 2nd Edition, by Kernighan and Ritchie
Exercise 1.14 on page 24

Write a program to print a histogram of the frequencies of different characters in its input.



Solution by Vidhan Gupta

/* Write a prgram to print a histogram of the frequencies of different characters in its input. */

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    char histogram[94];
    int c, i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < 95; ++i)
        histogram[i] = 0;

    while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
        if (c >= 32 || c <= 95)
            ++histogram[c - 32];

    int maximum = histogram[0];

    for (i = 0; i < 95; ++i)
        if (histogram[i] > maximum)
            maximum = histogram[i];

    for (i = maximum; i > 0; --i)
    {
        printf("%4d|", i);
        for (j = 0; j < 95; ++j)
        {
            if (histogram[j] == i)
            {
                putchar('*');
                --histogram[j];
            }
            else
                putchar(' ');
        }
        putchar('\n');
    }
    
    printf("    +");
    for (i = 0; i < 95; i++)
        putchar('-');

    printf("\n     ");
    for (i = 32; i <= 126; ++i)
        putchar(i);

    putchar('\n');

    return 0;
}
INPUT:

Random Bullshit GO! :- iofowhugweghoasifh9f2u3840536y579u       
21490''råtgweg¨@afgbsfba@@**@@**OWPFOUEWFHARGJOSUGFHEGEBUOSEHFWg¨@@¨
¨ëgpergo4p58350643569+3405850871049tu45y84560349687u45036uy904554u504
5y34t0et(=)$="(#%$/#()=)?%$#`?=)I^~~~±[][]{)(}{}{}{}{sejrgaigjhgojfg

OUTPUT:
  14|                    **                                                                         
  13|                    **                                                                         
  12|                    **                                                 *                       
  11|                *   **                                                 *                       
  10|                *   **                                                 *                       
   9|                *   **                                                 *                       
   8|                *  ***                                                 *             *         
   7|                *  ***   *      *                                      *             *         
   6|                *  **** **      *                                     **       *     *         
   5|         *      *  **** **      *              *                 *   ****      *    **     *   
   4|*       ***     *  **** **   *  *    ***       *                 *   *****     *   ***   * * * 
   3|*  **   ***     *  *******   *  *    ****      *     * *         *   ******    *  **** * * * **
   2|*  *** ****     **********   * ** *  ****      *  ** * *   * *   **  ****** *  ** **** * * * **
   1|****** ***** * ************  * ****  ******    ** ** * *   * ** *** ******* ***** **** * * * **
    +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~

Solution by Richard Heathfield (Category 0)

Naturally, I've gone for a vertical orientation to match exercise 13. I had some difficulty ensuring that the printing of the X-axis didn't involve cheating. I wanted to display each character if possible, but that would have meant using isprint(), which we haven't yet met. So I decided to display the value of the character instead. (The results below show the output on an ASCII system - naturally, a run on an EBCDIC machine would give different numbers.) I had to jump through a few hoops to avoid using the % operator which, again, we haven't yet met at this point in the text.


#include <stdio.h>

/* NUM_CHARS should really be CHAR_MAX but K&R haven't covered that at this stage in the book */
#define NUM_CHARS 256

int main(void)
{
  int c;
  long freqarr[NUM_CHARS + 1];

  long thisval = 0;
  long maxval = 0;
  int thisidx = 0;

  for(thisidx = 0; thisidx <= NUM_CHARS; thisidx++)
  {
    freqarr[thisidx] = 0;
  }

  while((c = getchar()) != EOF)
  {
    if(c < NUM_CHARS)
    {
      thisval = ++freqarr[c];
      if(thisval > maxval)
      {
        maxval = thisval;
      }
    }
    else
    {
      thisval = ++freqarr[NUM_CHARS];
      if(thisval > maxval)
      {
        maxval = thisval;
      }
    }
  }

  for(thisval = maxval; thisval > 0; thisval--)
  {
    printf("%4d  |", thisval);
    for(thisidx = 0; thisidx <= NUM_CHARS; thisidx++)
    {
      if(freqarr[thisidx] >= thisval)
      {
        printf("*");
      }
      else if(freqarr[thisidx] > 0)
      {
        printf(" ");
      }
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
  printf("      +");
  for(thisidx = 0; thisidx <= NUM_CHARS; thisidx++)
  {
    if(freqarr[thisidx] > 0)
    {
      printf("-");
    }
  }
  printf("\n       ");
  for(thisidx = 0; thisidx < NUM_CHARS; thisidx++)
  {
    if(freqarr[thisidx] > 0)
    {
      printf("%d", thisidx / 100);
    }
  }
  printf("\n       ");
  for(thisidx = 0; thisidx < NUM_CHARS; thisidx++)
  {
    if(freqarr[thisidx] > 0)
    {
      printf("%d", (thisidx - (100 * (thisidx / 100))) / 10 );
    }
  }
  printf("\n       ");
  for(thisidx = 0; thisidx < NUM_CHARS; thisidx++)
  {
    if(freqarr[thisidx] > 0)
    {
      printf("%d", thisidx - (10 * (thisidx / 10)));
    }
  }
  if(freqarr[NUM_CHARS] > 0)
  {
    printf(">%d\n", NUM_CHARS);
  }

  printf("\n");

  return 0;
}





Here's the output of the program when given its own source as input:

 474  | *                                                                    
 473  | *                                                                    
 472  | *                                                                    
 471  | *                                                                    
 470  | *                                                                    
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 109  | *                                                 *                  
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 104  | *                                                 *                  
 103  | *                                                 *                  
 102  | *                                                 *                  
 101  | *                                                 *                  
 100  | *                                                 *                  
  99  | *                                                 *                  
  98  | *                                                 *                  
  97  |**                                                 *                  
  96  |**                                                 *                  
  95  |**                                                 *                  
  94  |**                                                 *                  
  93  |**                                                 *                  
  92  |**                                                 *                  
  91  |**                                                 *                  
  90  |**                                                 *                  
  89  |**                                                 *                  
  88  |**                                                 *                  
  87  |**                                                 *                  
  86  |**                                                 *                  
  85  |**                                                 *                  
  84  |**                                                 *                  
  83  |**                                                 *                  
  82  |**                                                 *                  
  81  |**                                                 *                  
  80  |**                                                 *                  
  79  |**                                                 *                  
  78  |**                                                 *                  
  77  |**                                                 *                  
  76  |**                                                 *                  
  75  |**                                                 *                  
  74  |**                                                 *                  
  73  |**                                                 *                  
  72  |**                                                 *                  
  71  |**                                                 *         *        
  70  |**                                                 *         *        
  69  |**                                                 *         *        
  68  |**                                                 *         *        
  67  |**                                                 *         *        
  66  |**                                                 *         *        
  65  |**                                                 *         *        
  64  |**                                                 *         *        
  63  |**                                                 *         *        
  62  |**                                                 *         *        
  61  |**                                                 *         *        
  60  |**                                                 *         *        
  59  |**                                                 *       * *        
  58  |**                                                 *       * *        
  57  |**                                                 *       * *        
  56  |**                                                 *       * *        
  55  |**                                                 *       * *        
  54  |**                                                 *       * *        
  53  |**                                                 *       * *        
  52  |**                                                 *       * *        
  51  |**                                                **       * *        
  50  |**                                                **       * *        
  49  |**                                                **       ***        
  48  |**                                                **       ***        
  47  |**                                                **       ***        
  46  |**                                                **       ***        
  45  |**                                                **       ***        
  44  |**                                                **       ***        
  43  |**                                              * **       ***        
  42  |**                                         *  * * **       ***        
  41  |**                                         *  * * **       ***        
  40  |**      **                                 *  * * **       ***        
  39  |**      **            *                    *  * * **       ***        
  38  |**      **            *                    *  * * **       ***        
  37  |**      **            *                    *  * * **       ***   *    
  36  |**      **            *                    *  * * **       ***   *    
  35  |**      **            *                    *  * * **       ***   *    
  34  |**      **            *                    *  * * **       ***   *    
  33  |**      **            *                    *  * * **       ***   *    
  32  |**      **            *                    *  * * **   *   ***   *    
  31  |**      **            *                    *  * * **   *   ***   *    
  30  |**      **            *                    *  * * **   *   ***   *    
  29  |**      **            *                    *  * * **   *   ***   *    
  28  |** *    **            *                    *  *** ** * *   ***   *    
  27  |** *    **      *     *                    *  *** ** * *   ***   *    
  26  |** *    **      *     *                    *  *** ** * *   ***   *    
  25  |** *    **      *     *                    *  *** ** * *   ***   *    
  24  |** *    **      *     *                    *  *** ** * *   ***   *    
  23  |** *    **      *     *                    *  *** ** * *   ***   *    
  22  |** *    **      *     *                    *  *** ** * *   ***   *    
  21  |** *    **      *     * *                  *  *** ** * *   *** * *    
  20  |** *    **      *     * *                  *  *** ** * *   *** * * * *
  19  |** *    **      *     * *                  *  *** ** * *   *** * * * *
  18  |** *    ** *    *     * *                  *  *** ** * *   *** * * * *
  17  |** *    ** *    *     * *                  *  *** ** * *   *** * * * *
  16  |** *    ** *    *     * *                  *  *** ** * **  *** * * * *
  15  |** *    ** *    *     * * *        *       *  *** ** * **  *** * * * *
  14  |** *    ** *    *     * * **  * *  *      **  *** ** * *** *** * * * *
  13  |** *    ** *    *     * * **  * ** ***    **  *** ** * *** *** * * * *
  12  |** *    ** *    *     * ****  * ** ***    **  *** ** * *** *** * * * *
  11  |** *    ** *    *     * ****  * ** *** * ***  *** ** * ******* * * * *
  10  |** *    ** *    *     * ****  * ** *** * ***  *** ** * ******* * * * *
   9  |** *    ** *    *     * ****  * ** *** * ***  *** ** * ******* * * * *
   8  |** *    ** *    *     ******  * ** *** * ***  *** ** * ******* * * * *
   7  |** *    ** *    **    ******  * ** *** * *** **** ** ********* * * * *
   6  |** *    ** *   ***    ******  * ** *** ***** **** ** ********* * * * *
   5  |** * *  ****** ***    ******  * ** *** ***** ******* ********* * * * *
   4  |** * *  ****** ***    ******  * ** *** ***** ******* *********** * * *
   3  |** * *  ****** ***    ******  * ** *** ************* *********** * * *
   2  |** ***  ****** ***    ******  * ** *** ************* *********** * * *
   1  |**********************************************************************
      +----------------------------------------------------------------------
       0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111111111111111111
       1333333344444444445555566666677777788889999999000000000111111111122222
       0234578901234567890234901257902578923581235789012345789012345678901345


Solution by Bocchio (Category 0)

This program prints the histogram of characters in the input without taking into account blanks and assuming no character has a frequency over 9999. Also this only works for ASCII input.

#include <stdio.h>

/* Creates a histogram with the frequency of the characters in the input     */
/* Vertical version                                                          */

int main()
{
    int len_freq[94];
    int heigth;
    int c, i, k;

    heigth = 0;

    for(i = 0; i <= 93; ++i)
        len_freq[i] = 0;

    while((c = getchar()) != EOF){
        if(33 <= c && c <= 126){
            ++len_freq[c-33];
            if(len_freq[c-33] >= heigth)
                heigth = len_freq[c-33];
        }
    }

    for(i = heigth; i > 0; --i){
        printf("%4d|", i);
        for(k = 0; k <= 93; ++k){
            if(len_freq[k] >= i)
                printf("#");
            else
                printf(" ");
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    printf("    +");
    for(i = 0; i <= 93; ++i)
        printf("-");
    printf("\n     ");

    for(i = 0; i <= 93; ++i){
            printf("%c", i+33);
    }
    printf("\n");

    return 0;
}

Here's the output of the program when given its own source as input:


  48|                                                                        #                     
  47|                                                                        #                     
  46|                                                                        #                     
  45|                                                                        #                     
  44|                                                                        #                     
  43|                                                                        #                     
  42|                                                                        #                     
  41|                                                                        #                     
  40|                                                                        #                     
  39|                                                                        #                     
  38|                                                                        #                     
  37|                                                                        #                     
  36|                                                                        #                     
  35|                                                                        #                     
  34|                                                                        #                     
  33|                                                                    #   #                     
  32|                                                                    #   #                     
  31|                                                                    #   #                     
  30|                                                                    #   #        # #          
  29|                                                                    #   #    #   # #          
  28|                                                                    #   #    #   # #          
  27|                          #                                         #   #    #   # #          
  26|                          #                                         #   #    #   # #          
  25|                          #                                         ##  #    #   # #          
  24|                          #                                         ##  #    #   # #          
  23|                          #                                         ##  #    #   # #          
  22|                          #                                         ##  #    #   # #          
  21|       ##                 #                                         ##  #    #   # #          
  20|       ##                 #                                         ##  #    #   # #          
  19|       ##                 #                                         ## ##    #   # #          
  18| #     ##                 # #                                       ## ##    #   # #          
  17| #     ##                 # #                                       ## ##    #   # #          
  16| #     ##                 # #                                       ## ##    #   # #          
  15| #     ##                 # #                                       ## ##    #   # #          
  14| #     ##         #       # #                                     # ## ##    #   # #          
  13| #     ##         #       # #                                     # ## ##    #   # #          
  12| #     ## #       #       # #                                     # ## ##    #   # #          
  11| #     ## #       #       # #                                     # ## ##    #   # #          
  10| #     ## #       #       # #                                     # ## ##  # # # # #          
   9| #     ## #       #       # #                                     # ## ##  # ### # #          
   8| #     ## #    #  #       # #                                   # # ## ##  # ### # #          
   7| #     ## #    #  #       ###                                   # # #####  # ##### #          
   6| #     ## # #  #  #       ###                             # # # # # #####  # #######      # # 
   5| #     ## # #  #  #     # ###                             # # # # # ##### ## #######      # # 
   4| #     ###### ##  #     # ####                            # # # # # ##### ## ########     # # 
   3| #     ###### ##  #     # ####                            ### # # ####### ## ########     # # 
   2| ## ## ###### ##  ##    # ####                            ### # # ####### ########### #   # # 
   1|### ## ############# #  # ####    # ##        #      #    ### # # ####### ############# # ### 
    +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~

Solution by mazouzi

Here is a horizontal version


/*
The solution to a modified version of excercise 1.14 in the KR2. 
The original questions asks for a histogram of the frequency of all
characters ina a text.
This version takes the alphabet characters only.
*/

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX 122
#define MIN 97
#define DIFF 32

int main(){
  int c = EOF;
  int i, j;
  int array[MAX - MIN];

  for (i = MIN; i <= MAX; i++){
    array[i] = 0;
  }

  while ((c = getchar()) != EOF){
    if (c >= MIN)
    ++array[c];
    else {
      ++array[c + DIFF];
    }
  }
  
  for (i = MIN; i <= MAX; i++){
    printf("|%c%c|", i - DIFF, i);
    for (j = 1; j <= array[i]; j++){
      putchar('*');
    }
    putchar('\n');  
  }

  return 0;
}

/*
Below is an example of the program's output.
*/

/*
|Aa|************************************
|Bb|**********
|Cc|***************************
|Dd|******************
|Ee|***************************************************************
|Ff|***************
|Gg|*********
|Hh|****************
|Ii|*************************************************
|Jj|
|Kk|****
|Ll|*****************************
|Mm|***************************
|Nn|**********************************
|Oo|***********************************************************
|Pp|***************
|Qq|
|Rr|**********************************************
|Ss|****************************************
|Tt|********************************************
|Uu|********************
|Vv|*****
|Ww|***
|Xx|**
|Yy|********
|Zz|

Solution by scopych

Here is a horizontal version. This version takes the alphabet characters only.


#include <stdio.h>

/*
 * Program prints a histogram of the frequencies of characters in its input.
 * A horizontal oriented bars.
 */

main()
{
        int             i        , c;
        int             abc       [26];

        for (i = 0; i < 26; ++i)
                abc[i] = 0;

        while ((c = getchar()) != EOF) {
                if (c > 64 && c < 91) {
                        ++abc[c - 65];
                } else if (c > 96 && c < 123) {
                        ++abc[c - 97];
                }
        }
        printf("number of every character in input \n");
        for (i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
                printf("%c %4d ", (65 + i), abc[i]);
                while (abc[i] > 0) {
                        printf("|");
                        --abc[i];
                }
                printf("\n");
        }
}
The program's output.
number of every character in input
A   19 |||||||||||||||||||
B    9 |||||||||
C   23 |||||||||||||||||||||||
D    4 ||||
E   18 ||||||||||||||||||
F   13 |||||||||||||
G    3 |||
H    9 |||||||||
I   35 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
J    0
K    0
L    5 |||||
M    4 ||||
N   19 |||||||||||||||||||
O   12 ||||||||||||
P    8 ||||||||
Q    1 |
R   21 |||||||||||||||||||||
S    8 ||||||||
T   18 ||||||||||||||||||
U    5 |||||
V    1 |
W    2 ||
X    0
Y    1 |
Z    1 |

Horizontal histogram of the frequencies of all different characters in its input.

#include <stdio.h>
#define ASCIICOUNT 127

int main(){
  int c;
  int chararray[ASCIICOUNT];
  int countarray[ASCIICOUNT];
  int counter, counter1;
      
  for(counter = 0; counter < ASCIICOUNT; ++counter){
    countarray[counter] = 0;
  }
  counter = 0;
  for(counter = 0; counter < ASCIICOUNT; ++counter){
  chararray[counter] = counter;
  }

  counter = 0;
  while((c = getchar()) != EOF){
    if(c != ' ' && c != '\t' && c != '\n'){
      ++counter;
      for(counter1 = 0; counter1 < ASCIICOUNT; ++counter1){
        if(chararray[counter1] == c){
          ++countarray[counter1];
        }
      }
    counter1 = 0;
    }
  }
  counter1  = 0;
  counter = 0;
  for(counter1; counter1 < ASCIICOUNT; ++counter1){
    if(countarray[counter1] != 0){
      printf("%c: ",chararray[counter1]);
      for(counter = 0; counter < countarray[counter1]; ++counter){
        putchar('*');
      }
      putchar('\n');
    }
  }
 }

Solution by CakeOfTrust

A quite grotesque vertical version that might misbehave on small screens. Symbolic constants such as SIZE_H, SIZE_V and HIST_OX_LIM must be modified to avoid "ugly" output. Its Y-axis is 100 by default since it represents % and not the actual amount of characters. It also only displays the characters that are given to it, not the whole set like ASCII.

#include <stdio.h>

#define HIST_OY_LIM 100
#define SIZE_H 3
#define SIZE_V 2
#define HIST_OX_LIM 29
#define YES 1
#define NO 0

int main(void)
{
  int c, hist_num[HIST_OX_LIM], free = HIST_OX_LIM, i, new = YES, size_h, size_v;
  char hist_ch[HIST_OX_LIM];

  for (; free > 0; --free)
      hist_num[free - 1] = hist_ch[free - 1] = 0;


  while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
      {
          for (i = free; i >= 0 && i < (HIST_OX_LIM); --i)
              if (hist_ch[i] == c)
                  {
                      ++hist_num[i];

                      new = NO;
                  }

          if (new == YES)
              {
                  hist_ch[free] = c;
                  ++hist_num[free];
                  ++free;
              }

          else
              new = YES;
      }

  i = 0;

  for (c = 0; i < free; ++i)
      c += hist_num[i];

  putchar('\n');
  putchar('\n');

  for (new = HIST_OY_LIM; new > 0; --new)
    {
          printf("%3d|  ", new);

          for (size_v = SIZE_V; size_v > 0; --size_v)
              {
                  if (size_v < SIZE_V)
                    {
                        putchar('\n');
                        putchar(' ');
                        putchar(' ');
                        putchar(' ');
                        putchar('|');
                        putchar(' ');
                        putchar(' ');
                    }

                  for (i = 0; i < free; ++i)
                      {
                          for (size_h = SIZE_H; size_h > 0; --size_h)
                              if (hist_num[i]*100.0/c >= new*1.0)
                                  putchar('#');

                              else
                                  putchar(' ');

                          putchar(' ');
                      }
                }

          putchar('\n');
      }

  putchar(' ');
  putchar(' ');
  putchar(' ');
  putchar('|');

  for (; i >= 0; --i)
      for (size_h = SIZE_H + 1; size_h > 0; --size_h)
          putchar('_');

  putchar('\n');

  printf("      ");

  for (++i ; i  < free; ++i)
      if (hist_ch[i] == ' ')
          {
              putchar('\'');
              putchar(' ');
              putchar('\'');
              putchar(' ');
          }

      else if (hist_ch[i] == '\t')
          {
              putchar('\\');
              putchar('t');
              putchar(' ');
              putchar(' ');
          }

      else if (hist_ch[i] == '\n')
          {
              putchar('\\');
              putchar('n');
              putchar(' ');
              putchar(' ');
          }

      else
          {
              putchar(' ');
              putchar(hist_ch[i]);
              putchar(' ');
              putchar(' ');
          }

  putchar('\n');

  return 0;
}
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  9|      ###     ###         ###                                                             
   |      ###     ###         ###                                                             
  8|      ###     ###         ###                                                             
   |      ###     ###         ###                                                             
  7|      ### ### ###         ###     ###                                                     
   |      ### ### ###         ###     ###                                                     
  6|      ### ### ###         ###     ###                                                     
   |      ### ### ###         ###     ###                                                     
  5|      ### ### ###         ###     ###                     ###                             
   |      ### ### ###         ###     ###                     ###                             
  4|      ### ### ###         ###     ###                     ###                             
   |      ### ### ###         ###     ###                     ###                             
  3|  ### ### ### ### ###     ###     ###     ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###                 
   |  ### ### ### ### ###     ###     ###     ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###                 
  2|  ### ### ### ### ###     ###     ###     ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###                 
   |  ### ### ### ### ###     ###     ###     ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###                 
  1|  ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 
   |  ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 
   |____________________________________________________________________________________________
       g   l   f   d   s   ,   ;  ' '  h   t   '   q   w   [   ]  \n   n   j   k   m   e   a  


Solution by [Octavian]

A basic approach.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
        int c, i, j;

        int alphabet[25];
        int charcount[25];

        for (i = 0; i <= 25; ++i)
        {
                alphabet[i] = 97 + i;
                charcount[i] = 0;
        }
        while ((c = getchar()) != EOF)
                for (i = 0; i<= 25; i++)
                        if (c == alphabet[i])
                                ++charcount[i];
        printf("\n");
        for (i = 0; i <= 25; ++i)
        {
                printf("%c", alphabet[i]);
                for (j = 1; j <= charcount[i]; ++j)
                        printf("|");
                printf("\n");
        }
        printf("\n");
}
a||||
b
c|||
d
e|||||||
f||
g|
h|||
i|||||
j
k
l||
m|
n|||||
o||||
p||
q
r||
s|||
t|||||
u||
v|
w|
x|
y
z

Solution by Marvelcoder

* FrequencyVerticalHistogram.c
*
*  Created on: 01-Aug-2020
*      Author: Marvelcoder
*
#include<stdio.h>

#define WORD_LENGTH 15

int main(){

	int character,varray[WORD_LENGTH]={0},i,count,max,temp,visited,barray[WORD_LENGTH]={0},farray[WORD_LENGTH]={0},fqncy,found;

	i=count=found=max=fqncy=temp=visited=0;

	while((character=getchar())!=EOF){
		if(character!=' '&&character!='\n'&&character!='\t'){
			++count;
		}else{
			if(count!=0){
				varray[i]=count;
				i++;
				count=0;
			}
		}
	}

	//Prints the length of each word
	for(i=0;i<WORD_LENGTH;i++){
		printf("%d ",varray[i]);
	}

	printf("\n");

	/*
	 * This block of code calculates the frequency of each element from one array
	 * and sets it in corresponding location in another array.
	 *
	 * For ex: 5 is at 0th index and it's frequency is 3
	 * so 3 is set at 0th index in another array.
	 */
	for(int i=0;i<WORD_LENGTH;i++){
		temp=i;
		while(temp>=0){
			if(varray[i]==varray[--temp]){
				visited=1;
				break;
			}
		}

		if(visited==0){
			for(int j=0;j<WORD_LENGTH;j++){
				if(varray[i]==varray[j]){
					++fqncy;
				}
			}
		}

		if(visited==0){
			barray[i] = fqncy;
			fqncy=0;
		}
		visited=0;
	}

	//Prints the frequency of each word
	for(i=0;i<WORD_LENGTH;i++){
		printf("%d ",barray[i]);
	}

	printf("\n");

	/*
	 * This block of code calculates the frequency of each element from one array
	 * and sets it in corresponding location in another array.
	 *
	 * For ex: 5 is at 0th index and it's frequency is 3
	 * so 3 is set at 0th index in another array.
	 */
	for(int i=0;i<WORD_LENGTH;i++){
		temp=i;
		while(temp>=0){
			if(barray[i]==barray[--temp]){
				visited=1;
				break;
			}
		}

		if(visited==0){
			for(int j=0;j<WORD_LENGTH;j++){
				if(barray[i]==barray[j]){
					++fqncy;
				}
			}
		}

		if(visited==0){
			farray[i] = fqncy;
			fqncy=0;
		}
		visited=0;
	}

	//Prints the frequency of each word
	for(i=0;i<WORD_LENGTH;i++){
		printf("%d ",farray[i]);
	}



	//Finds the maximum frequency which will be on Y-axis
	for(i=0;i<WORD_LENGTH;i++){
		if(farray[i] > max){
			max = farray[i];
		}
	}

	printf("\n---------------VERTICAL HISTOGRAM STARTS--------------------\n");



	for(i=max;i>0;i--){
		printf("%d",i);

		for(int j=1;j<=11;j++){
			found=1;
			for(int k=0;k<WORD_LENGTH;k++){
				if(j==barray[k] && j<11){
					if(farray[k]==i){
						printf(" X ");
						--farray[k];
						found=0;
					}
				}else if(j>10 && farray[k]==i){
					printf("   X");
					found=0;
				}
			}
			if(found==1){
				printf("   ");
			}
		}
		printf("\n\n");
	}

	printf(" ");

		for(i=1;i<=11;i++){
			if(i==11){
				printf(">10");
			}else{
				printf(" %d ",i);
			}
		}
		printf("\n---------------VERTICAL HISTOGRAM ENDS--------------------\n");


	return 0;
}


Output

---------------VERTICAL HISTOGRAM STARTS--------------------
4    X                            

3    X                            

2    X                            

1    X  X  X                      

  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10 >10
---------------VERTICAL HISTOGRAM ENDS--------------------


Solution by Красимир Беров

Yet another simple solution. Formatting of the source code is done using `:%!clang-format` at the Vim command-line while editing the file. The source is compiled and executed with itself as input like this:

TCPL$ time gcc ex114.c -o ex114 && ./ex114 < ./ex114.c
 
#include <stdio.h>
/* Write a program to print a histogram of the frequencies of different
 * characters in its input. */
#define A 'A'
#define z 'z'
int main() {

  /* The index of z minus the index of A gives us the needed length for
   * the array of characters. */
  char letters[z - A], c = EOF, l, i;
  /* Initialize the count of the letters. */
  for (l = A; l < z + 1; ++l)
    letters[l - A] = 0;

  while ((c = getchar()) != EOF) {
    if (c >= A && c <= z)
      ++letters[c - A];
  }

  for (l = A; l < z + 1; ++l) {
    /* Print only the used letters. Not using 'continue;' as it is not
     * mentioned yet in the book. */
    if (letters[l - A] != 0) {
      /* I searched the internet: "How to display characters using
       * printf?" `man 3 printf` also contains this information in
       * section 'Conversion specifiers'. */
      printf("\n%c (%02d): ", l, letters[l - A]);
      for (i = 0; i < letters[l - A]; ++i)
        putchar('*');
    }
  }
  putchar('\n');
  return 0;
}

The output is as follows:


real	0m0,044s
user	0m0,033s
sys	0m0,011s

A (12): ************
C (01): *
E (02): **
F (02): **
H (01): *
I (02): **
N (01): *
O (02): **
P (01): *
T (01): *
W (01): *
[ (06): ******
\ (02): **
] (06): ******
` (02): **
a (25): *************************
b (01): *
c (24): ************************
d (14): **************
e (64): ****************************************************************
f (22): **********************
g (07): *******
h (23): ***********************
i (50): **************************************************
k (01): *
l (27): ***************************
m (07): *******
n (44): ********************************************
o (31): *******************************
p (10): **********
q (01): *
r (42): ******************************************
s (32): ********************************
t (61): *************************************************************
u (13): *************
v (02): **
w (02): **
x (02): **
y (04): ****
z (08): ********
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